ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR Spodoptera frugiperda Pheromone Lures to Avoid Nontarget Captures of Leucania phragmatidicola
نویسندگان
چکیده
We conÞrmed that commercial threeor four-component Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) pheromone lures had a high nontarget capture rate for Leucania phragmatidicola Guenée, which compromised monitoring efforts in the northeastern United States. We compiled taxonomic features to distinguish L. phragmatidicola from S. frugiperda, and we compared Þve new lures. S. frugiperda catch speciÞcity was improved by removing (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate (Z11Ð16:Ac), which attracted L. phragmatidicola. Four lures tracked late-season S. frugiperda immigration, but two of these lures also tracked a bivoltine L. phragmatidicola ßight with a second generation coincident with S. frugiperda immigration, and one lure attracted the Þrst, but not the second, generation of L. phragmatidicola. In both lowand high-moth ßight conditions, two-component lures had low L. phragmatidicola captures (0.5Ð1.4%), and although lureswithmorepheromonal components captured more S. frugiperda, they also had a high percentage of capture of L. phragmatidicola (38Ð48%). We conclude that although two-component lures captured fewer S. frugiperda, their similar temporal pattern, along with the lower level of L. phragmatidicola, makes them useful for development for monitoring programs in the northeastern United States.
منابع مشابه
Ecology, Behavior and Bionomics First Genotyping of <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Progeny from Crosses between Bt-Resistant and Bt-Susceptible Populations, and 65-Locus Discrimination of Isofamilies
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